Choosing the Right Variety of Cherry Tree for Your Zone
Cherry trees can thrive in Minnesota’s climate with proper care and with the selection of a hardy variety suited to our zone. Here are three excellent choices of cherry tree varieties for cooler climates:
Meteor Cherry Tree: Known for its exceptional cold hardiness, Meteor cherry trees reliably produce fruit even after harsh winters. They are self-pollinating, making them a good choice for smaller gardens or when space is limited.
Mesabi Cherry Tree: A sour cherry variety that thrives in colder climates, Mesabi cherries are prized for their tart flavor and versatility in culinary uses such as pies, jams, and sauces. They are also resilient against diseases common in our area.
Evans Cherry Tree: This cherry tree produces slightly sweet fruit that is excellent for fresh eating. Evans cherries are known for their cold hardiness and resistance to cracking, making them a favorite among Minnesota gardeners.
When selecting a cherry tree, ensure it is labeled as suitable for Zone 4 or colder to ensure it can withstand our winters.
Planting Your Cherry Tree
Timing: Plant cherry trees in early spring or late fall when the ground is workable but not frozen. This allows the tree to establish its roots before the onset of extreme temperatures.
Location: Choose a sunny spot with well-drained soil. Cherry trees prefer slightly acidic soil (pH 6.0-6.8). Avoid low-lying areas where frost may settle, as this can damage blossoms in spring.
Planting Depth: Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep. Place the tree so the graft union is 2-3 inches above the soil level. Backfill with soil and water thoroughly to settle the roots.
Watering: Water deeply after planting and regularly during the first year to establish roots. During dry periods, provide supplemental watering to ensure the soil remains moist but not waterlogged.
Cherry Tree Care and Maintenance
Pruning: Cherry trees benefit from annual pruning, which should be done in late winter to early spring while the tree is dormant. Remove dead or diseased branches, as well as any crossing branches that may rub against each other and cause wounds. Open up the center of the tree to improve airflow, which reduces the risk of fungal diseases.
Fertilizing: Apply a balanced fertilizer in early spring before new growth begins. Use a fertilizer formulated for fruit trees, following the manufacturer’s instructions regarding rates and application methods. Avoid excessive nitrogen, as this can promote vegetative growth at the expense of fruit production. Applewood Nursery & Landscape Supply sells a variety of fertilizers for all kinds of trees and shrubs.
Overwintering: Mulch around the base of the tree in late fall to protect roots from frost heaving. Use organic mulch such as wood chips or shredded bark, applying a layer 2-3 inches deep. Avoid piling mulch directly against the trunk to prevent rot.
Harvesting and Preserving Cherries
Harvesting: Cherries are typically ready for harvest in late June to early July, depending on the variety. Pick when fruit is fully colored and slightly firm to the touch. Use scissors or pruners to cut the cherries from the tree to avoid damaging the branches.
Preserving: Cherries can be preserved in several ways to enjoy their bounty throughout the year. For canning, use a water bath canner and follow tested recipes to ensure safe preservation. Freezing cherries is straightforward; simply wash, pit, and place in freezer bags or containers. Cherries can also be made into delicious jams, jellies, and sauces that can be stored in the pantry or refrigerator.
Common Diseases and Pests
Diseases: Cherry trees in Minnesota are susceptible to several diseases, including:
- Cherry Leaf Spot: Identified by purple spots on leaves, which can lead to defoliation if severe.
- Brown Rot: Causes fruit to rot on the tree, especially during wet weather.
- Powdery Mildew: Appears as a white powdery coating on leaves and shoots.
Treatment: Use fungicides labeled for cherry trees if diseases appear. Apply according to the manufacturer’s instructions, usually starting preventatively in spring before symptoms occur. Good cultural practices such as pruning to improve airflow and proper spacing between trees can also help reduce disease pressure.
Pests: Common pests that affect cherry trees include:
- Cherry Fruit Fly: Larvae feed inside developing cherries, causing them to drop prematurely.
- Aphids: Small insects that suck sap from leaves and shoots, potentially causing distorted growth and reduced fruit production.
Prevention: Monitor trees regularly for signs of pests and take action promptly if detected. Use sticky traps to monitor and reduce cherry fruit fly populations. Wash aphids off with a strong jet of water or apply insecticidal soap if infestation is severe.
By selecting appropriate varieties, providing proper care and maintenance, and monitoring for pests and diseases, you can enjoy healthy cherry trees and a bountiful harvest year after year. For specific advice tailored to your local conditions, feel free to consult our gardening experts at Applewood Nursery & Landscape Supply, Your One-Stop Landscape Shop!